浮游植物种群的巨大变化可能重塑海洋

到2100年,一半的浮游植物物种——海洋食物链的基础——可能会被新的物种取代

加入我们的科学爱好者社区!

随着地球大气变暖,海洋也随之变暖。科学家们已经证明,海洋温度和二氧化碳水平的升高会对海洋生物造成压力。但是,麻省理工学院开发的一个新模型揭示了一个令人惊讶的结论:如果全球温度趋势持续下去,到本世纪末,任何给定海洋在本世纪初存在的一半浮游植物种群将消失,并被全新的浮游生物物种所取代。“这将对食物链产生影响,”麻省理工学院大气、海洋与气候项目首席研究科学家斯蒂芬妮·杜特凯维奇说。

气温上升将迫使各种海洋生物进行调整。微小的浮游植物是鱼类和其他海洋生物的主要食物来源,可能会随着某个海域温度的升高而消亡。最危险的是寒冷水域中的生物,它们缺乏适应温暖家园的韧性。理论上,浮游植物可能会进化以改变其身体化学成分,或者它们可能会迁移到其他地方,也许更靠近两极。无论哪种方式,如此巨大的变化都可能导致食物链上层的物种无法养活自己。

新模型没有具体说明浮游植物将如何反应,也没有说明哪些鱼类种群可能会繁荣或衰落,但它足够详细地表明,新的海洋条件可能会导致现在存在的浮游植物被广泛取代。杜特凯维奇的模型考虑了100种不同的浮游植物物种,而大多数其他模型只包括三到四种。“有了如此精细的分辨率,”杜特凯维奇说,“我们可以看到生态系统结构将发生多么显著的变化。”


关于支持科学新闻

如果您喜欢这篇文章,请考虑通过以下方式支持我们屡获殊荣的新闻报道 订阅。通过购买订阅,您正在帮助确保有关塑造我们当今世界的发现和思想的具有影响力的故事的未来。


结果描绘了一幅复杂的图景。随着温度升高,许多浮游植物产生更多的后代。但是,深层冷水和温暖的表层水之间的混合减少了——这种现象被称为分层。浮游植物赖以生存的大部分营养物质都来自深层,因此混合减少意味着微生物的养分减少。低纬度海洋——已被认为是海洋沙漠——将为微生物提供更少的营养物质,从而为以它们为食的鱼类留下更少的食物。

杜特凯维奇说,在高纬度地区,较高的温度和较少的混合可能会迫使浮游植物更靠近水面,那里至少有一些营养物质可用。然而,顶层更多的阳光可能会再次改变微小生物的混合。“浮游植物的大小和类型差异很大,这会影响以它们为食的鱼类,”她说。

杜特凯维奇现在开始通过添加更多因素,例如变化的氮和水平,来增加模型的真实性。海洋酸化也是她清单上的重要一项——这种化学变量可能会改变浮游植物之间的竞争,其中一些浮游植物比其他浮游植物更能适应变化的pH值水平。仪表板上的任何这些旋钮都可能显著影响整个生态系统的命运。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

More by Mark Fischetti
© . All rights reserved.