随着鱼类迁徙,它们的食物可能不会随之而来

为求生存而寻找更凉爽水域的海洋物种可能不得不通过改变饮食来适应新环境

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加利福尼亚州蒙特雷——由于全球变暖,地球大气层正在升温,世界海洋也将随之变暖。从最小的浮游生物到最大的鱼类,所有种类的生物都将被迫做出调整。它们中的一些可能能够通过改变身体化学成分来适应,但最可能的反应——对于那些可以自由迁徙的生物(比如牡蛎除外)——就是简单地移动。

事实上,最近的研究表明,某些鱼类正在从中纬度海洋迁徙到更凉爽的水域,如北冰洋。科学家们发现,总的来说,较大的海洋生物,如鱼类,对温度变化的耐受性低于它们所消耗的微生物,如浮游植物。因此,随着鱼类迁徙,它们偏好的食物来源可能不会随之而来。为了生存,迁徙者可能不得不在到达新家园后改变饮食。一些最新的发现正在本周于此地举行的名为高二氧化碳世界中的海洋的研讨会上首次发布。

当然,已经生活在较冷海洋中的鱼类可能并不欢迎可能与其争夺食物的新来者。然而,本地物种也有自己的挑战。德国阿尔弗雷德·韦格纳极地和海洋研究所的汉斯-奥托·波特纳表示,研究表明,原产于较冷水域的鱼类比温暖水域的鱼类更不耐受温度变化。他说:“鱼类感到舒适的温度范围随着纬度的升高而降低。” 那么,随着时间的推移,物种的组合可能会发生变化。例如,在寒冷的北部水域,沙丁鱼数量正在下降,但鳀鱼数量正在上升。


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其他因素也发挥作用:全球范围内不断增加的二氧化碳排放正在使所有海洋变得更酸性,迫使物种使用更多能量来适应,从而减少了它们用于繁殖和生长的能量。某些海洋区域的氧气水平正在下降,为酸化和温度升高增加了第三重压力。科学家们正在开始揭示这些多重压力源如何影响大片海洋中的物种,但还需要更多的数据和分析。与此同时,越来越多的物种可能正在迁徙。它们到达目的地后会吃什么,以及它们可能不得不与哪些海洋居民竞争,仍有待观察。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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