2016年3月28日

圣海伦斯火山壮观的喷发图像

1980年的喷发序列彻底改变了圣海伦斯山周围的地貌。地质学家蜂拥而至，进行测量和调查，在此过程中拍摄了数千张照片。我正在收集其中一些最佳照片，以供您欣赏

作者：达纳·亨特

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络，反映了作者的观点，不一定反映《大众科学》的观点

我给你们带来了一些精美图片，我亲爱的火山爱好者们。我一直在浏览美国地质调查局 ScienceBase 目录，整理 1980 年圣海伦斯火山喷发事件的图像。我发现了一些令人惊叹的照片，我们将会在“灾难”系列继续深入探讨其中许多照片。但我迫不及待地想分享，所以这是第一批照片，之后还会有更多照片向你们袭来，同时我会兴奋地尖叫。是的，我对火山爆发的结果感到如此兴奋。

这张照片是在 5 月 18 日喷发一周后拍摄的。哇，太棒了，对吧？

Image shows the hollowed-out remains of Mount St. Helens after the debris avalanche and eruption that removed nearly 2,000 feet of its summit. New snow has fallen, dusting the barren volcanic deposits. Partly cloudy skies blend into the steam rising from the empty crater. There is no dome yet.
圣海伦斯山方向，横跨精灵湖的倾斜鸟瞰图，拍摄于喷发一周后。低云覆盖。华盛顿州斯卡马尼亚县。1980 年 5 月。图像和说明由美国地质调查局提供。

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圣海伦斯火山浮石平原的绝佳景观。这张照片拍摄于 1980 年 5 月 23 日。

Image shows a pale gray, nearly flat expanse of rocks and ash in the foreground. Beyond it, a gully can be seen just before bare ridges and mountains rise, dusted with gray ash and white snow. From the right, a pyroclastic flow is rolling across the pumice plain in the middle of the photo.

从浮石流的北部拍摄。温度站点 PT5-18-PF81，圣海伦斯山。华盛顿州斯卡马尼亚县。1980 年 5 月 23 日。图像和说明由美国地质调查局提供。

这张照片将让您感受到火山碎屑崩塌的规模。里面某个地方有一个成年人。

Image shows enormous mounds of rocky debris from the summit of Mount St. Helens, dusted in gray ash. To the left, there is a light brownish-gray pile of dirt and rock in the shape of a low ridge. To the center right, there is a huge mound of darker gray debris with a ragged white strip in the center. Parts of the valley are visible in the background, with the ridges bounding the Toutle River valley beyond. In the right foreground, a tiny human in a red coat is walking on the debris flow near short black cliffs.

圣海伦斯火山的火山碎屑崩塌沉积物。前景中为唐·斯旺森，作为比例尺。华盛顿州斯卡马尼亚县。1980 年 5 月 22 日。

这张照片非常出色，展示了前景中 5 月 18 日喷发的碎屑。请注意作为比例尺的地质学家。在远处山坡上，您可以看到横向爆破摧毁森林的地方。看到它停止的地方的界线有多么清晰吗？这是喷发两天后：我不确定燃烧的火焰是由爆炸引起的还是之后开始的。

Image shows a pile of huge trees, stripped of their branches, stacked on top of a pile of tree pieces and volcanic debris. The human crawling around on top of the logs is dwarfed by their size. Beyond is a mountaintop: half of it has been stripped of trees, then there is a standing line of singed trees before the destruction ends and healthy forest covers the rest of the mountain. There is smoke rising from a small fire in the center.

图特尔河支流南叉的圣海伦斯火山碎屑。背景中为地质学家，作为比例尺。华盛顿州考利茨县。1980 年 5 月 20 日。图像和说明由美国地质调查局提供。

这看起来像是一张 80 年代的魅力姿势照。但实际上是非常严肃的科学工作。

Image shows two geologists manning a geodimeter station. There is a line of conifers in the background. The geologist on the right, a dark-haired man with a beard, wearing a dark gray work shirt and khaki trousers with hiking boots, is sitting on a bench with his legs crossed, holding a folder with a page blowing over his hand. His hair is being tossed by the breeze. He is looking at the camera and smiling, looking very fly with his aviator sunglasses. The geologist next to him is wearing a blue workshirt and blue jeans, with a leather pouch hanging from his waist. He is standing in a very dramatic pose behind a piece of equipment mounted on a tripod which basically looks like a metal box with a flap lifted from the front. The man has a clean-shaven, jutting chin and looks almost like a blue-collar superhero. The whole scene gives off an almost Zoolander vibe.

美国地质调查局人员使用测距仪测量圣海伦斯山北坡的变形。华盛顿州斯卡马尼亚县。1980 年 5 月 4 日。图像和说明由美国地质调查局提供。

老兄，这真是非常大的浮石。

Image shows a couple of geologists investigating the pumice plain. The one in the foreground is standing with his arms held out parallel to the ground, holding two huge chunks of pumice in either hand. He is wearing blue jeans and a plaid shirt with a denim shirt tied at the waist over it. The man behind him is dressed all in dark colors and is bent over putting a temperature probe into the deposits.

圣海伦斯火山的浮石。华盛顿州斯卡马尼亚县。1980 年 5 月 21 日。图像和说明由美国地质调查局提供。

所以，万一你想知道当火山崩塌并带走冰川时，它看起来是什么样子，就是这样

Image shows an enormous dome of ice half-buried in debris avalanche deposits. It's cracked and dusted with gray ash. Beyond it, a ridge shorn of trees rises, a logging road winding along it.

圣海伦斯火山火山碎屑崩塌沉积物中的大冰块。华盛顿州斯卡马尼亚县。1980 年 5 月 22 日。图像和说明由美国地质调查局提供。

喜欢这张照片，几位地质学家站在圣海伦斯火山的火山灰流上（嗯，照片描述说是火山灰，但对我来说更像浮石）。你能想象有这样的工作吗？

Image shows four geologists gathered on a jumbled pile of pumice. Two of them on the left are talking to each other. One on the right is watching those two, while the fourth man is leaning down to grab a bit of pumice. In the background, Mount St. Helens sits in clouds of steam.

地质学家在圣海伦斯火山 5 月 25 日的火山灰流上。华盛顿州斯卡马尼亚县。1980 年 5 月 30 日。图像和说明由美国地质调查局提供。

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