发推特拯救世界

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点


所以超级风暴桑迪来袭,几乎把每个人都击倒了——然后呢?去哪里?避难所?食物?哪些街道是开放的,哪些被洪水淹没?有人在某个地方发放毯子或链锯吗?什么时候?

根据北卡罗来纳大学研究生朱莉·麦基的说法,她正在攻读技术与传播硕士学位,你不能只是说,“上网查一下”。事实上,她正在努力弄清楚接下来应该发生什么,以及如何发生:她在网上发布了一份调查问卷,以了解人们在灾难期间和之后如何使用红十字会的社交媒体:龙卷风?飓风?公共安全紧急事件?洪水、暴风雪、地震?麦基想听听这些情况。

她引用了一个惊人的统计数据:“四分之三的美国人期望在灾难发生后在 Facebook 或 Twitter 上发布消息时获得帮助”。也就是说,根据 2012 年红十字会的一项调查,在灾难发生后,76% 的美国人期望在社交媒体上发布请求后三小时内获得帮助。而且这还是在没有任何正式的社交媒体响应计划的情况下。当然,目前红十字会在灾难响应期间会密切关注社交媒体动态,但对于这种事情应该如何运作,还没有标准。事实上,红十字会明确告诉你:拨打 911!他们有一个由志愿者组成的社交媒体团队。但他们并不傻,所以他们正在努力弄清楚如何与人们在他们所在的地方会合。


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因此有了麦基的工作。她正在与红十字会合作开展她的项目,试图为红十字会在灾难响应期间使用社交媒体制定最佳实践。再说一遍——她的调查问卷只需几分钟,将帮助红十字会和其他机构弄清楚如何在社交媒体上最好地应对灾难。无论是“数字拥抱”(志愿者只是做出回应并说,“天哪,太可怕了,坚持住”),还是做一些提供有关食物投放点、水纯度和安全交通路线的信息之类的事情,麦基都在努力弄清楚机构如何更快、更有效地发布信息——以及食物、毯子和救援人员。

红十字会并非无所作为:它推出了专门的应用程序,用于飓风准备、避难所位置和急救技巧等。飓风应用程序甚至有一个一键“我没事”按钮、一个手电筒和一个警报器:它有点像瑞士军刀手机。

而且麦基绝不是第一个研究这个话题的人:一位科学家 莎拉·维韦格 发现,在灾后推文中,有十二分之一到四分之一来自相关人员的推文包含可操作的信息:实际上可以帮助他们获得帮助的东西。

所以无论如何,花一点时间(麦基估计七分钟)填写调查问卷,帮助红十字会为下一次超级风暴为每个人改进工作。

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

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