多伦多电网滚动运行

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定代表《大众科学》的观点。


我的同事梅丽莎·洛特今天在这个专栏非常有先见之明地回顾了2012年印度大规模停电事件,并讨论了用于应对未来类似事件的新算法。

旁白:雷声响起。多伦多在7月8日晚降雨近5英寸,市中心被淹,规模空前。自然而然地,在如此强度的暴风雨过后,许多人断电了——事实上,在暴风雨最严重的时候,约有30万人断电,之后仍有2万人断电。

随后,情况变得明朗,为多伦多电力电网供电的安省电力公司的一个发电站被淹没在20英尺的水下,正如多伦多市长罗布·福特所说,“电力供应岌岌可危”。第一个呼吁是通过负荷削减来减少客户的电力需求——要求客户关闭一切可以关闭的电器,调低空调,关好冰箱门等等。现在大多数公用事业公司都通过要求商业和工业客户自愿允许其电力公用事业公司管理其负荷来提供成本节约,例如,允许在电力消耗高时提高空调恒温器设置,以避免电网过载。许多公司也为住宅客户提供同样的优惠。智能电网和许多现有的家庭管理程序的前提是负荷转移——能源需求高峰通常在早餐时间和傍晚时分,因此,如果您将洗碗机和洗衣机设置为在凌晨 2 点工作,您就为您的公用事业公司帮了忙,并且可以从中获得经济回报。另一方面,大自然不遵守任何此类协议——当五英寸的降雨淹没您的发电站时,您最终会陷入岌岌可危的境地,以至于多伦多电力公司不得不实施熟悉的第三世界策略——轮流停电,即某些地区的电力会中断,而断电的客户获得的唯一好处是——但愿——收到一些通知。


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加拿大广播公司记者克里·沃尔当时正在现场。在她下班前,她创建了一个停电区域的谷歌地图——并将其设置为读者可更新。因此,多伦多读者可以在回家前查看他们的社区是否通电——或者如果停电,可以另作安排。

微电网的辩护者将从中找到对其设想的社区规模电力系统的支持,尽管只有当你的社区没有被淹没在 20 英尺的水下时,这个想法才会让你感到安慰;传统电网的支持者会吹嘘多伦多电力公司能够以多快的速度让整个电网恢复运行。很难看到这样一场风暴支持任何人的立场,除了现实主义者。当一场巨大的风暴来临时,有时灯就会熄灭。

 

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

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