这些楼梯没有在“爬升”——它们是平的!

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点。


对于《澳大利亚人报》的报道《经济学人》杂志 3 月 30 日刊登的文章,已经有了 相当多的回应,该文章暗示可能存在证据表明气候变化已被高估。 那些为《经济学人》撰稿人欢呼的人 所关注的数据是,自 1998 年左右以来,全球变暖现象明显缺乏。 这是 《经济学人》杂志 就这篇文章制作的 视频合集。 现在,首先值得指出的是,《经济学人》的撰稿人远非沾沾自喜,他们一致指出气候变化正在发生,这显然与人类活动有关,并且需要采取行动。 但是,那些为《经济学人》欢呼的人断章取义地选择数据只关注其中一部分,该部分引用了美国国家航空航天局戈达德空间研究所负责人詹姆斯·汉森的话,指出“五年平均全球气温已经停滞了十年”。 幸运的是,网络的美妙之处在于,一旦人们开始根据此类引言提出主张,就会出现回应,包括澄清数据和背景。这篇回应,由 Weather Underground 联合创始人 Jeff Masters 撰写,出色地解释了数据如何显示气候变暖,就像一系列阶梯一样,正如网站 Skeptical Science 清晰呈现的那样

Masters 详细地阐述了火山爆发、厄尔尼诺现象、拉尼娜现象和其他变化如何造成短期温度趋势,这些趋势会在一段时间内使图表变平或移动。 但随后长期趋势会重新确立,并再上升一个台阶。 怀疑论者基本上就像 北卡罗来纳州的立法者对待海平面 一样,只测量他们喜欢的部分,而忽略其余的。 “我从踏板的边缘量到后部,超过一英尺的距离,这个所谓的‘楼梯’是完全平坦的,根本没有上升! 解释一下,楼梯警报主义者!” 这种平坦期大约从 1998 年开始,当时强烈的厄尔尼诺现象使气温升高,随后是多年的拉尼娜现象,使气温相对凉爽。 尽管此后出现了一连串有记录以来最热的年份,但图表仍然保持平坦。 这个视频解释了整个事情

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=u_0JZRIHFtk


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但是,如果您稍加思考,您就会意识到,如果我们在保持凉爽的天气模式期间经历了有记录以来最热的年份,那可就糟了。 如果您想了解真正的科学是什么样的,这份更新 提供了更新的数据,这些数据使视频的制作略有不准确。 它包含了一个新的图表,该图表非常轻微地削弱了视频的力量,但并非在统计学上具有显著意义。 但创作者希望确保发布最佳数据。 这就是科学家所做的事情。

总之。 每当像《经济学人》那样,一家通常相当可靠的出版物发表的作品让我质疑一个核心科学信念时,我都会想去核实一下,以确保没有突然出现新的证据来改变这种信念。 事实证明并没有,所以我不需要改变我的信念。 顺便说一句,当那些唱反调的人让您感到沮丧时,Skeptical Science 仍然是一个很棒的网站。 在他们和 Weather Underground 之间,对于任何让您担心的基于气候的问题,您都很难无法获得基于数据的解释。

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

More by Scott Huler
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