能拯救福岛的机器人来了

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点


TIEEE Spectrum 上这篇关于福岛第一核电站最初 24 小时地狱般时间线的杰出文章提出了预期的观察:整个危机本可以通过一些 19 世纪或更早的工程技术手段来避免:不要把发电机放在可能被洪水淹没的地下室;如果发电机在需要疏散的危机期间可能面临风险,就不要把备用发电机放在数百公里之外的轮式车辆上,这些车辆将不得不与逃离的交通流作斗争,在被毁坏的道路上,才能到达危机现场。

但这就是工程学:你总是通过出错来学习哪里出了问题。然而,一旦情况变得糟糕,这篇文章描述了有多少次人们本可以采取纠正措施,如果他们能够安全到达那里的话,但他们做不到,因为那里是一个放射性噩梦。

所以,自然而然地,就轮到巨型机器人登场了。碰巧的是,目前设计机器人的人们正在专门考虑福岛的情况:“像福岛核反应堆这样的地方可以由类似 PETMAN 的机器人进入……而不需要任何人类暴露于有害物质,”波士顿动力公司总裁马克·雷伯特表示,该公司正在开发你在这里看到的看起来像终结者的家伙。正如现在的情况,福岛已经使用了大量的机器人,但没有一个机器人能做到人能做的事情。比如跑步、流汗和做俯卧撑


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所以好消息是,技术在帮助我们制造问题的同时,最终也将帮助我们清理它。无论 PETMAN 有多酷,这都不是什么新闻。但同样值得记住的是——那些福岛工人绝不是唯一冒着生命危险来维持我们的电力、线路畅通和基础设施运转的人。在 2005 年,美国十大最致命的工作中有两个是像电力线路安装工(第八致命,每十万工人中有 30 人死亡)和固体废物收集工(第五致命,每十万工人中有 43.2 人死亡)这样平凡的工作。顺便说一句,这两者都比警察和消防员的死亡率高得多,后者的死亡率低于每十万分之 17。

是的,我们正在设计机器人固体废物收集器,但不知何故没有人对此感到太兴奋。

垃圾车图片来自罗利市。福岛图片和 PETMAN 图片来自 IEEE Spectrum。

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

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