风之名

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点。


当大家都在关注与风暴相关的厄运时,这或许是关注不那么凶险的桑迪飓风花絮的合适时机。

我要说的是名字。好吧,有弗兰肯风暴(Frankenstorm),显然来自美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA),已被所有人使用,但有点令人沮丧。然后是Snor’eastercane,我在《大西洋月刊》上看到过,至少它的优点是新颖。而总是令人愉快的杰斯·齐默曼Grist创造了Frankenstormzillapocalypse这个词。

但是,无论你是否喜欢这些特别聪明的风暴名称(已经有一个故事关于你最喜欢的名称说明了什么),都很难否认一件事:给风暴命名是科学上的神来之笔。


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令人惊讶的是,它始于1950年,正式确定了一个仅追溯到几年前的惯例,即1941年乔治·斯图尔特出版的《风暴》(基思·C·海多恩,《天气医生》,称之为“有史以来最好的天气小说”,这有点像称之为十年来最好的克利夫兰足球队)。我读过《风暴》,我可以告诉你,这实际上是一本很棒的书,特别是对于科学家而言。因为科学的很大一部分是给事物命名的实践——想想林奈、门捷列夫、卢克·霍华德

故事是这样的。在《风暴》中,斯图尔特塑造了一个只被称为“初级气象学家”的角色。(这本书里的人没有名字——只有风暴有名字;它不是弗兰肯风暴末日,但它很聪明,对吧?)这位初级气象学家提出了一个非常明智的观点,即“每场风暴实际上都是一个个体,他更容易说(当然是对自己说)‘安东尼娅’,而不是‘昨天位于东经175度、北纬42度的低压中心’。”这位初级气象学家将书中标题中的风暴称为“玛丽亚”。(我在我几年前为《泰晤士报》写的关于这个话题的文章中给出了更多细节,但是的:发音是 Ma-RYE-a,是的,那首歌就是从那里来的。)虽然之前也曾给一些大型风暴命名——想想1815年的九月大风暴或1938年的长岛特快——但大多数风暴都只是……风暴。然后就有了斯图尔特的书。

根据海多恩的这篇文章,这本书显然导致士兵们在二战时随身携带这本书,这促使美国海军气象学家采用了命名习惯。到1950年,美国气象学家开始使用“abel-baker-charley”军用字母表,并在1953年改用女性名字。人们在1979年注意到这是性别歧视,并在其中加入了男性名字。一本名字如此普通的书——《风暴》——创造了一种孕育了如此语言创造力的传统,这真是太棒了。

无论如何。只是在您往浴缸里注满应急用水并等待电力闪烁然后消失时,可以阅读的一点小东西。快——按下“打印”按钮。稍后见。与此同时,您可以开始思考善后工作的名称了。

 

 

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

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