世界厕所日的启示

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点


是的。你没听错:11月19日是世界厕所日。由供水与卫生合作理事会世界厕所组织发起(并由Domestos,一个联合利华清洁品牌支持),这一天提醒我们这些拥有温暖舒适的浴室和卫生设施良好的人,并非所有人都是如此。

例如,想想25亿缺乏清洁厕所的人。还记得《贫民窟的百万富翁》中的旱厕场景吗?世界各地都是如此。

这是一个惊人的数字,考虑到2007年,《英国医学杂志》要求读者说出1840年以来最重要的医学里程碑时,他们选择了现代卫生设施——这击败了抗生素、麻醉剂或疫苗等发明。然而,仍有25亿人没有卫生设施。


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因此,值得提醒我们自己,即使像25亿需要卫生设施的人这样巨大的问题,也并非总是需要巨大的解决方案。小步骤也有帮助。

举个例子(感谢优秀的马特·希普曼),考虑一下北卡罗来纳州立大学的研究生泰特·罗杰斯,他应用了不比阿基米德螺旋更复杂的技术来解决古老的难题:当坑式厕所满了之后该怎么办。

泰特在农场长大,他说他花了几天时间思考才想出他的想法,这个想法在泰特进入研究生院之前就赢得了比尔和梅琳达·盖茨基金会的10万美元资助。泰特的发明只需要一台汽油发动机、一些PVC管和一个螺旋钻。这是泰特谈论该发明的一些优点:

“原型机的流速高达每分钟13加仑。生产成本不到750美元,我们估计每个排空坑式厕所的成本不到5美元,而目前的技术则为30-80美元。”

这不是建造一个2万亿美元的污水处理系统,也不是需要整个电网的电力供应。而是将脏东西从房屋中取出并转移到可以重复使用或处理的地方。拯救家庭的生命。

只需五美元。

大问题。小而廉价的解决方案。工程师们真棒。科学真棒。泰特·罗杰斯和他的同类们开始工作了,真棒。

附注:值得了解和讲述的趣闻:许多废水处理厂仍然使用阿基米德螺旋将水输送到工厂的进水构筑物,之后污水会向下流动。不要破坏有效的方法。

 

Scott Huler was born in 1959 in Cleveland and raised in that city's eastern suburbs. He graduated from Washington University in 1981; he was made a member of Phi Beta Kappa because of the breadth of his studies, and that breadth has been a signature of his writing work. He has written on everything from the death penalty to bikini waxing, from NASCAR racing to the stealth bomber, for such newspapers as the New York Times, the Washington Post, the Philadelphia Inquirer, and the Los Angeles Times and such magazines as ESPN, Backpacker, and Fortune. His award-winning radio work has been heard on "All Things Considered" and "Day to Day" on National Public Radio and on "Marketplace" and "Splendid Table" on American Public Media. He has been a staff writer for the Philadelphia Daily News and the Raleigh News & Observer and a staff reporter and producer for Nashville Public Radio. He was the founding and managing editor of the Nashville City Paper. He has taught at such colleges as Berry College and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.

His books include Defining the Wind, about the Beaufort Scale of wind force, and No-Man's Lands, about retracing the journey of Odysseus.

His most recent book, On the Grid, was his sixth. His work has been included in such compilations as Appalachian Adventure and in such anthologies as Literary Trails of the North Carolina Piedmont, The Appalachian Trail Reader and Speed: Stories of Survival from Behind the Wheel.

For 2014-2015 Scott is a Knight Science Journalism Fellow at MIT, which is funding his work on the Lawson Trek, an effort to retrace the journey of explorer John Lawson through the Carolinas in 1700-1701.

He lives in Raleigh, North Carolina, with his wife, the writer June Spence, and their two sons.

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