美国环保署如何推动碳税

这有可能发生。

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本周,碳税再次成为关注焦点。首先,国会预算办公室在一系列减少联邦赤字的措施中纳入了碳税。其中有很多与能源相关的措施,但最引人注目的是碳税。根据国会预算办公室的估计,对温室气体排放征税将在未来十年内减少1.06万亿美元的赤字。

万亿美元!

现在,《华盛顿邮报》的布拉德·普鲁默提出了一个价值万亿美元的问题:“美国环保署能否自行推动碳税?”


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答案是:也许。

基本上,美国环保署有权为现有发电厂的碳排放量设定联邦指导方针,各州可以通过多种不同的方式来满足这些要求。特定州的碳税可能是符合美国环保署规定的批准方法之一。

或者各州可以实施类似加利福尼亚州/RGGI/魁北克的总量管制与交易计划。

这两种方式都可能比对每千瓦时温室气体排放量设定硬性限制更具经济效率,而且最终,碳税或交易计划应产生相同的结果。如何实现这一目标取决于您的优先事项。您更关心外部性的价格吗?那么您就设定一个美元金额(税)。您更关心排放量吗?那么您就设定一个上限,让人们找出实现目标的最佳方法。

我可能不会对碳税抱太大希望,但至少这是一种可能性。当然,实施全国性碳税将比单独的州项目更简单,但可惜不是。

David Wogan is an engineer and policy researcher who writes about energy, technology, and policy.

David's academic and professional background includes a unique blend of technology and policy in the field of energy systems. Most recently, David worked at Austin Energy, a Texas municipal utility, implementing a Department of Energy stimulus grant related to energy efficiency. Previously, David was a member of the Energy & Climate Change team at the White House Council on Environmental Quality for the Obama Administration.

David holds two Master's degrees from The University of Texas at Austin in Mechanical Engineering and Public Affairs. While at UT, David was a researcher in the Webber Energy Group, where his research focused on advanced biofuel production to offset petroleum use in the transportation sector. David holds a Bachelor's of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering from The University of Texas at Austin, where he researched nuclear non-proliferation measurement technology.

David is a 2013 Aspen Institute Journalism Scholar, joining a select group of journalists from Slate, ABC News, and The New York Times.

David lives in Austin, Texas. Follow along on Twitter or email him at david.wogan@me.com.

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