互联网会使我们变笨吗?

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点


在2000年,很少有观察家会预见到Facebook在2010年会成为互联网上无处不在的存在。更少有人会自信地预测,像它这样的现象对于人际互动,或者对于社会对英语(或任何其他)语言的使用来说,是“好”还是“坏”。尽管预言充满了风险,但皮尤研究中心的互联网与美国生活项目最近询问了近900名精通技术的专业人士,让他们“想象2020年的互联网”。

更具体地说,该项目向人们展示了五对对立的陈述,迫使他们从每对陈述中选择一个,然后解释他们做出选择的原因。例如,其中一组陈述说:

到2020年,人们对互联网的使用增强了人类的智力;随着人们可以前所未有地访问更多信息,他们变得更聪明,并做出更好的选择。


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或者

到2020年,人们对互联网的使用并没有增强人类的智力,甚至可能会降低大多数经常使用互联网的人的智商。

大约76%的受访者表示,互联网会让我们更聪明。好吧,但是为什么呢?皮尤项目主管李·雷尼指出,结果变得更有趣了,他在圣地亚哥举行的美国科学促进会年会上介绍了这些发现。雷尼表示,皮尤的分析表明,受访者认为,越来越多地使用互联网将改变人们的认知能力。人们将减少用于记忆事实的精神能量,而将更多脑力用于综合信息和批判性思维。

另一对问题本质上是询问阅读和写作的状态是否会改善。雷尼最初感到惊讶地发现,鉴于短信、推文和其他消息传递媒介以多种方式破坏英语语言,但仍有65%的人选择了“改善”。但受访者似乎一致认为,这些媒介正在鼓励人们更多地阅读,尤其是更多地写作,并且用户可能会逐渐开始批评彼此不良的语言习惯,从而促使社会的语言技能提高。(恕我直言,这可能永远不会发生,但你永远不知道。)

一个发人深省的问题与互联网可以保持多“开放”有关——关于信息流的争议将以最少的限制来解决,还是控制架构和大量内容的中介机构将有权管理信息以及人们访问和分享信息的方式。整整三分之一的受访者认为,到2020年,更多的控制将生效,这将违反互联网和网络的一个基本原则。受访者引用了最近发生的事件,例如中国政府与谷歌管理层之间就网络攻击的来源和意图发生的冲突,并且还认为,如果用户认为这些措施将有助于抵御潜在的罪恶,例如身份盗窃,他们甚至可能接受一定程度的限制。

更多结果可从名为“互联网的未来:IV”的项目中获得。

图片来自 iStockPhoto/joshblake

 

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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