雨滴传播作物疾病 [视频]

农民证实,某些作物病害,如小麦锈病,似乎在暴雨后传播得更远更快。研究人员对可能的原因提出了各种想法。

加入我们的科学爱好者社区!

本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点。


农民证实,某些作物病害,如小麦锈病,似乎在暴雨后传播得更远更快。研究人员对可能的原因提出了各种想法。但得益于高速视频,来自美国麻省理工学院(M.I.T.)和比利时列日大学的研究团队刚刚发现了一个意想不到的罪魁祸首:雨滴。

对叶片的仔细检查表明,某些病原体,如小麦锈病(一种真菌寄生虫),并不会像通常认为的那样以薄膜形式覆盖叶片。它们在叶片表面以液滴形式生长。正因如此,当雨滴击中病原体时,它们可以将病原体击入空中,使其传播得非常远而广。数百次真实和模拟雨滴以及病原体液滴试验的高速视频(见上文)展示了碰撞过程,甚至揭示了两种主要的发射机制。引用美国麻省理工学院(M.I.T.)的新闻稿,一种情况是“雨滴在撞击时变平,滑到[病原体]液滴下方,并将其向上抛射成弧线。” 第二种情况是“雨滴实际上从未接触到[病原体]液滴,而是将叶片向下推,导致液滴向下滑动,然后在叶片弹起时弹射出去”。


关于支持科学新闻

如果您喜欢这篇文章,请考虑通过以下方式支持我们屡获殊荣的新闻事业 订阅。通过购买订阅,您正在帮助确保有关塑造我们当今世界的发现和想法的具有影响力的故事的未来。


这项工作可能有助于植物育种者改变作物叶片的机械特性。或者,它可能会鼓励农民在田地里种植交替作物的行,这可以防止从一行发射的空气传播病原体到达两行之外的同类植物。我目前的结论是:视频非常酷。

视频和静态图像由美国麻省理工学院(M.I.T.)新闻办公室提供

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

More by Mark Fischetti
© . All rights reserved.