东北风暴炸弹袭击东海岸,多亏了雷克斯阻塞。蛤?

好吧,它不是臭名昭著的极地涡旋,但是居住在新英格兰海岸的人们即将被“东北风暴炸弹”袭击。而且它是由五天前的“雷克斯阻塞”造成的。我可不是在编造。

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好吧,它不是臭名昭著的极地涡旋,但是居住在新英格兰海岸的人们即将被“东北风暴炸弹”袭击。而且它是由五天前的“雷克斯阻塞”造成的。我可不是在编造。

上周末,天气预报员们惊叹于一场潜在的史无前例的风暴,这场风暴是由两个碰撞的天气系统造成的,可能会以极低的温度和数英尺深的积雪袭击整个东北部地区。截至今天,碰撞发生在更远的北大西洋,使该国大部分地区幸免于难,但它仍将袭击科德角、波士顿和缅因州东部,以及加拿大东部。

那么,预报员们是在使用编造的语言吗——这是最近的一个问题,天气服务部门在每一阵小雪和刮风的日子都贴上名字?不,雷克斯和炸弹是合法的气象术语。


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“炸弹”是指天气系统中大气压力在24小时内下降超过24毫巴。从角度来看,东北海岸的典型压力可能在1012毫巴左右,但不需要太大的下降就会加剧风暴。地球上最大飓风的最低压力,如桑迪,达到940毫巴左右。因此,24毫巴的下降幅度很大,当它在不到24小时内发生时,气象学家会感到兴奋,因为这很罕见。

在这种情况下,这场风暴即将成为东北风暴——一个位于东北海岸附近的低压中心,它逆时针旋转,将风从大西洋吹向内陆。因此,这对动态组合被称为东北风暴炸弹。压力预计将降至980毫巴甚至960毫巴。无论它是否降到那么低,压力下降都是陡峭且受限的,这会导致强风,科德角和缅因州的风速可能超过每小时60英里。

这一切是怎么发生的?水分从墨西哥湾的一个系统中向北移动,但寒冷是由——是的,雷克斯阻塞造成的。这个术语描述了一个巨大的压力中心,它可能会卡在某个地方。在这种情况下,那个地方位于阿拉斯加和西海岸上部,这迫使急流从北极向美国中东部地区大幅俯冲。当该系统与来自墨西哥湾的潮湿系统碰撞时,两者结合并开始旋转,降低了内部压力并吸收水分,将其变成雪。如果您想了解更多关于雷克斯的细节,请参阅气象学家埃里克·霍尔特豪斯上周在Slate上写的一篇不错的博客

最新的这个炸弹只是急流表现异常的又一个例子,因为我们的气候正在变化。正如霍尔特豪斯指出的那样,尽管东北部很冷,但地球的其他地方并不冷。他说,预计未来几周全球平均气温将高于正常水平。

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Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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