联邦机构鼓励其科学家大胆发声

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点


旧金山——公众有时会对政府机构产生的科学成果提出质疑,认为这些发现可能是为了支持特定的政治政策或立场,或是为了转移对这些政策的批评。美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)局长简·卢布琴科昨天发布了一项正式的科学诚信政策,旨在消除这种怀疑论。她在年度美国地球物理联合会会议的新闻发布会上表示,该政策“坚定地支持我们的科学家及其科学活动,保护科学发现的使用,从而增进公众对NOAA科学的信任。”

NOAA的科学家致力于解决许多已经政治化或具有严重公共影响的问题。其中最主要的是气候变化的程度,一些批评者仍然声称气候变化不存在;环境事故,例如“深水地平线”石油泄漏事件;恶劣天气预报(国家气象局是NOAA的一部分);以及长期干旱和海平面上升预测,这些都可能对商业和公共政策产生重大影响。

诚信政策中最引人注目的条款也许是明确声明,NOAA的科学家可以自由地与媒体和公众谈论他们的工作,而无需获得NOAA任何人的许可——甚至无需通知该机构的公共事务办公室。卢布琴科补充说,NOAA员工可以自由地就工作以外的事项发表意见,只要他们明确表示自己不是在传达官方机构立场


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卢布琴科指出,该政策是奥巴马总统在其执政初期发布的一项指令的最终成果,该指令旨在“恢复科学在决策中的应有地位”。为了实现这一目标,NOAA制定了该政策,“以保护科学发现免受压制、歪曲或篡改,加强科学并鼓励透明文化。”

卢布琴科断言,透明度是关键。根据该政策,NOAA将发布关于科学不端行为调查的信息,并将保护举报人免受被迫保持沉默的压力以及来自主管或机构内任何其他人的后续报复。

卢布琴科表示,她认为其机构的政策比任何其他联邦政策都更进一步地促进了开放科学。NOAA曾公开该政策草案以征求意见,并收到了来自公众和其自身员工的17,000条评论。她认为,最终文件现在可以作为此类政府政策的典范,并表示其他联邦机构已经开始研究该政策,以帮助制定自己的政策。她补充说,她希望与NOAA科学家合作的外部机构、公司和研究机构“将效仿”,并采取类似的科学诚信政策,以扩大开放性并阻止在更广泛的世界中滥用科学。

图片由美国国防部提供

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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