生物多样性热点地区变得更热(这不是好事)

生物多样性热点地区是地球上的黄金地带,动植物的数量和多样性异常丰富。环保主义者认为,热点地区是最需要保护的地方,以抵御人类发展和气候变化带来的不良影响。

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本文发表于《大众科学》的前博客网络,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点


生物多样性热点地区是地球上的黄金地带,动植物的数量和多样性异常丰富。环保主义者认为,热点地区是最需要保护的地方,以抵御人类发展和气候变化带来的不良影响。然而,这个术语并不意味着温度升高是有益的。事实证明,最大的温度升高将发生在热点地区最集中的地方。

去年,夏威夷大学的卡米洛·莫拉领导的一个科学家团队发布了一张地图,以惊人的细节显示了年平均气温完全超出1860年至2005年建立的正常范围的年份。即使是凉爽的年份,也会比过去的炎热年份更热。如果各国继续以目前的速度排放二氧化碳,许多地区将在2047年达到这种极端水平。但是,“新的异常”将在热带地区更早出现。不幸的是,那里是许多热点地区存在的地方。而且那里也是动物最难适应温度变化的地方,因为它们在极其稳定的气候中已经生存了很长时间。

该小组制作了八张地图,显示了陆地和海洋中哺乳动物、鸟类、爬行动物、两栖动物和鱼类的全球热点地区,并将这些地图叠加在显示未来温度变化的地图之上。下图深红色区域显示的是最早达到异常温度水平的地区,红色轮廓线显示的是陆生哺乳动物的热点地区。这种重叠令人震惊。


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接下来的七张地图显示了相同的温度带,叠加在其他类群的热点地区:海洋哺乳动物、陆生鸟类、海洋鸟类、陆生爬行动物、海洋爬行动物、海洋鱼类和两栖动物。了解不同热点地区的位置已经很有趣了。意识到与过度温度升高的严重重叠是一个警钟。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

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