史前艺术洞穴在微生物侵扰后重新开放。

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本文发表在《大众科学》的前博客网络中,反映了作者的观点,不一定反映《大众科学》的观点


虽然这有点超出我的专业领域,但我强烈建议您查看卡门·德拉尔关于西班牙阿尔塔米拉洞穴重新开放的文章,该洞穴以其史前壁画而闻名,在2002年因游客将细菌带入洞穴壁从而破坏了壁画而关闭。一定要看看文章末尾的信息图。

洞穴艺术,前途未卜


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西班牙最著名的史前艺术的所在洞穴,在因微生物侵扰而对公众关闭后正在恢复。当地政府官员推动重新开放阿尔塔米拉洞穴的举动,让那些努力改善其状况的研究人员担心他们的努力将会付诸东流(《科学》,DOI:10.1126/science.1206788)。但是,就像点缀在著名洞穴墙壁上的细菌群落一样,决定其命运的科学和伦理问题都笼罩在灰色阴影中。

阿尔塔米拉洞穴位于西班牙北部一个村庄附近的地下,其天花板上绘制着令人惊叹的栩栩如生的幼鹿、马和野牛。这些多色的画像,有着超过14000年的历史,被认为是旧石器时代岩画的巅峰之作。联合国教育、科学及文化组织(教科文组织)于1985年宣布阿尔塔米拉洞穴为世界遗产。


照片:德国阿尔塔米拉洞穴绘画的复制品。来源:维基共享资源。

"Life creates [the Force], makes it grow. Its energy surrounds us and binds us. Luminous beings are we, not this crude matter," Yoda explains in The Empire Strikes Back, gesturing to Luke's physical body. This quote is striking because of the apt juxtaposition of the wonder of life with its often disgusting vessel. Like many other animals, we secrete, excrete, expectorate, defecate, flatulate, regurgitate, urinate, circulate, masticate, menstruate, ejaculate, and ventilate. We are filled with gas and feces and blood and guts and mucus and any number of rude things. Life as we know it is possible because of the countless impolite things we do every day. Are we luminous beings? Perhaps, but that's neither here nor there. This blog is about the crude matter that keeps us alive.

Michelle Clement has a B.Sc. in zoology (with a minor in American culture studies) and a M.Sc. in organismal biology from The Ohio State University. Her thesis research was on the ecophysiology of epidermal lipids and water homeostasis in house sparrows. She now works as a technical editor for The American Chemical Society. Her broader interests include weird human and animal physiology, obesity and enteric physiology, endocrinology, sexual and reproductive health, personal genomics, anthropology (physical and cultural), sociology, and science education and communication. She lives in Ohio with her boyfriend and two cats.

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