蟑螂爱情中的懦夫获胜

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有时候,当个懦夫是有好处的——至少如果你是雄性蟑螂的话。根据发表在《英国皇家学会学报》上的一项关于坦桑尼亚蟑螂Nauphoeta cinerea的研究,雌性蟑螂任何时候都更喜欢低等级的雄性,而不是占主导地位的雄性。与弱者交配似乎比与更具攻击性的雄性交配更能让雌性蟑螂保持更好的状态。然而,当雌性蟑螂确实与弱者交配时(高等级的雄性会尽力阻止这些交配),它们产生的雄性后代较少。曼彻斯特大学的艾伦·摩尔 (Allen Moore) 和他的同事们认为,这就是雌性选择更安全的性行为的代价。

蟑螂并不是唯一雌性选择从属地位雄性的生物。之前的研究已经记录了大约十几种物种的这种偏好,包括某些鸟类和蝾螈。然而,雌性蟑螂因此选择而导致雄性后代数量减少的确切原因仍然是一个谜。矛盾的是,产生较少的雄性后代实际上可能最大限度地提高繁殖适应性:在下一代雄性数量较少的情况下,这些对弱者有眼的雌性蟑螂的雄性后代可能更容易成功找到配偶。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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