当鲸鱼有腿时

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图片来源:JOHN KLAUSMEYER

搁浅在海滩上的现代鲸鱼面临着相当严峻的前景。然而,曾经有一段时间,鲸鱼可以在陆地和海洋之间自由移动。事实上,已知最早的鲸鱼可以追溯到 5000 万年前,它们拥有发达的后肢,并且大多数古生物学家认为它们是从四足陆地哺乳动物进化而来的。然而,从像陆行鲸右图)这样具有大型功能腿的鲸鱼,到最多只有内部退化腿的流线型后代,这一转变的细节仍然难以捉摸,这归因于化石记录中中间形式的稀少。然而,昨天在墨西哥城举行的脊椎动物古生物学会年会上描述的最新化石,为了解这种非凡转变的时间提供了新的见解。

洛杉矶自然历史博物馆的劳伦斯·巴恩斯和他的同事在华盛顿州发现了所谓的晚渐新世时期一种尚未命名的古代须鲸的骨骼。遗骸中包括一部分骨盆。这块 2700 万年前的骨骼显示出一个深而杯状的凹槽,曾经容纳着股骨或股骨头。他说,这种古代鲸鱼似乎有小的外腿。巴恩斯估计,这些腿大约有一英尺半长,可能使这种 20 英尺长的动物能够在海滩上蹒跚而行。他推测,它的近亲祖先有更大的腿。直到后来的中中新世时期,鲸鱼才达到现代状态,即没有外部退化的后肢。巴恩斯还指出,因为长期以来人们认为这种鲸鱼没有腿,所以化石鲸鱼的肢体很可能在过去被收藏家忽视了。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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