贪婪黑洞产生已知最强烈的爆炸

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天文学家发现了宇宙中最大的爆炸——一次持续了超过一亿年,并产生了相当于数亿次伽马射线爆发能量的爆炸。这场混乱的根源是什么?一个看似贪得无厌的超大质量黑洞。

NASA 的钱德拉 X 射线天文台揭示了这次爆发,它位于一个名为 MS 0735.6 + 7421 的星系团中。具体来说,钱德拉图像显示了两个空腔,每个空腔宽约 65 万光年,它们是被从黑洞喷射出的能量流冲刷出来的,而黑洞本身的质量可能是我们太阳的十亿倍。俄亥俄大学的布赖恩·麦克纳马拉和他的同事今天在《自然》杂志上宣布了这一发现,他们认为这种巨大的能量释放发生在物质落入黑洞时:大部分物质被吞噬,但一部分物质被相当猛烈地喷射出来。

这一发现出乎意料,不仅因为它打破了纪录,还因为之前的研究表明,大型黑洞不像小型黑洞那样消耗那么多物质或生长得那么快。“这个新结果既令人惊讶又令人兴奋,”哈佛-史密森天体物理学中心的共同作者保罗·努尔森在马萨诸塞州剑桥市评论道。“这个黑洞本应禁食,却在盛宴。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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