双头九头蛇

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图片来源:冷泉港实验室

虽然结果远不如希腊神话中巨大的多头怪物那样可怕,但科学家们已经成功地诱导现实生活中的九头蛇(一种微小的淡水水螅)使用肽长出第二个头。根据《基因与发育》杂志 11 月号发表的一份报告,这项壮举源于他们鉴定出一种名为 HEADY 的新型肽。这一发现揭示了生物体身体轴线的头部末端在发育过程中建立的神秘过程。早期的研究表明,许多信号肽参与了果蝇、蠕虫和哺乳动物的轴线规范。德国耶拿大学的 Jan U. Lohmann 和 Thomas C. G. Bosch 进行的这项新研究表明,它们在指导低等后生动物或多细胞动物的身体轴线形成中也起着关键作用。

因为九头蛇水螅是辐射对称的,它们只有一个主轴——一个从上到下或从顶端到底部的方向。为了查明 HEADY 在组织身体结构中的作用,研究人员进行了实验,证明 HEADY 特异性地在九头蛇身体轴线的顶端表达,并且对于野生九头蛇的头部形成是必要的。在第三个实验中,九头蛇供体组织用 HEADY 处理并用荧光乳胶珠标记。移植到宿主五天后,荧光组织发育成第二个头(),从而证明了 HEADY 指定组织命运的强大能力。考虑到这些结果,作者总结道:“我们关于 HEADY 的分离和功能分析的数据进一步支持了这样一种观点,即肽在后生动物进化中作为发育信号发挥了关键作用。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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