睾酮预防关键的阿尔茨海默病异常

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新的研究表明,睾酮治疗可能预防或延缓中老年男性和女性阿尔茨海默病的发生。根据昨天《美国国家科学院院刊》发布报告中详述的发现,单独或与雌激素联合使用该激素,可以阻止大鼠体内疾病特征性的关键化学异常。

女性患阿尔茨海默病的风险高于男性,科学家将这种差异归因于更年期后雌激素(已知具有神经保护作用)的下降。因此,许多研究都集中在雌激素在预防或治疗该疾病方面的潜在益处。因此,德克萨斯大学休斯顿分校的索佐斯·帕帕索佐梅诺斯和阿里昆朱·沙纳瓦斯决定将注意力转向男性激素睾酮。研究人员专注于该疾病的一个标志,其中一种名为 tau 的脑蛋白通过称为过度磷酸化的化学反应形成丝状缠结,即所谓的神经原纤维缠结。事实证明,将大鼠暴露于高温会触发相同的反应。但研究人员发现,在热暴露之前用睾酮或睾酮与雌激素的组合治疗大鼠,可以通过阻止参与该过程的酶的过度激活来预防 tau 蛋白的过度磷酸化。

帕帕索佐梅诺斯和沙纳瓦斯指出,考虑到雌激素会抵消一些雄激素(如睾酮)的影响,单独使用雌激素可能对阿尔茨海默病有害而不是保护。然而,他们断言,他们的研究结果表明,单独给予老年男性或与雌激素一起给予绝经后妇女的睾酮可能有助于预防或治疗该疾病。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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