研究发现银杏无法证实其宣称的认知益处

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几乎在任何药店、超市或街角小商店,更不用说在互联网上,你都可以找到它。但是,正如制造商所暗示的那样,银杏叶真的能提高健康成年人的思维能力吗?消费者似乎是这么认为的:1998年,仅在美国,这种膳食补充剂的销售额就达到了约3.1亿美元。然而,今天在《美国医学会杂志》上发表文章的研究人员报告说,这些说法似乎经不起科学的推敲。

威廉姆斯学院的保罗·R·所罗门和他的同事对230名60岁及以上的健康成年人进行了一项为期六周的双盲研究,其中一半受试者服用银杏,另一半服用安慰剂。参与者在研究期间前后完成了关于学习、记忆、注意力和集中力的标准化测试。研究人员还询问了受试者本人及其亲密的朋友和家人关于认知状态的任何感知变化。他们的发现是,银杏服用者在测试中的表现并不比安慰剂服用者好。“银杏组在自我报告的记忆功能或配偶、朋友和亲戚的总体评价方面也与对照组没有差异,”他们说。

所罗门和他的合作者承认,更高剂量的补充剂或更长时间的暴露可能会产生预期的效果。但他们总结说,他们的结果“表明,当按照制造商的说明服用时,银杏对具有健康认知功能的成年人在记忆力或相关认知功能方面没有可衡量的健康益处。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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