街头儿童生活艰辛,但状况比之前认为的要好

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他们生活在极其绝望的条件下,但街头儿童的状况可能比之前认为的要好。在纽约州布法罗市举行的美国体质人类学家协会年会上提出的新发现,支持了之前的研究工作,表明无家可归的城市儿童实际上比那些在贫困但完整的农业村庄家庭中长大的同龄人更健康,也更可能生存。

布法罗大学的蒂莫西·沙利文测量了 50 名 5 至 15 岁的危地马拉街头儿童的身体质量指数 (BMI)——体重与身高的比率。BMI 与多种原因导致的死亡率和发病率相关,除其他外,还预测孕产妇健康和胎儿生长受损、工作能力和生产力下降以及慢性病高发。尽管研究对象比同龄的美国儿童矮且体重轻,但他们的 BMI 评分相当。

布法罗大学人类学家 A.G. Steegman 评论说:“成为街头顽童,在街头谋生,似乎对这些孩子来说比我们预期的要好。” “以他们的 BMI 衡量的健康状况并不能证明他们过着美好的生活——他们的生活充满了巨大的危险,包括谋杀和性剥削,尤其是对女孩而言——但这确实颠覆了我们的预期。” 他补充说:“这些城市无家可归的儿童似乎是用他们困境的长期心理社会成本来换取短期生存利益。” “这些孩子具有韧性和自力更生能力,并且在身体上适应了无家可归的艰难条件。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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