松鼠的嗅觉能区分亲属与陌生者

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贝尔丁地松鼠只需轻轻一动鼻子,就能在比阅读和处理潦草写就的名牌上的信息更短的时间内,区分出姐妹、二代表亲和完全陌生者。事实上,对包括人类在内的几种动物物种的研究表明,通过气味识别亲属并非罕见。然而,贝尔丁地松鼠在这方面似乎特别擅长,并利用获得的信息做出攸关生死的决定。

“就好像这些松鼠在读取 DNA 指纹,并用它们的鼻子绘制家谱,”康奈尔大学心理学家吉尔·M·马特奥 (Jill M. Mateo) 评论道,她已经在加利福尼亚州的山区研究这些社会性生物五年了。一份描述她的发现的报告将发表在 4 月 7 日出版的《Proceedings: Biological Sciences》(英国皇家学会会刊:生物科学)杂志上。马特奥预测,松鼠应该很快就能识别出近亲的气味,但它们会花更多时间嗅闻来自远亲或无关松鼠的不熟悉的气味化合物。实验结果证实了这一点。

“它们的嗅觉器官的灵敏度和辨别力令人震惊,”马特奥评论道。“它们就像毛茸茸的气相色谱仪。”马特奥提出,气味辨别有助于松鼠决定与谁合作保卫领地,或保护谁免受捕食者的侵害。它也可能帮助它们避免近亲繁殖。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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