苏联生物武器仍然构成威胁

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尽管美国努力改变局势,但苏联生物武器的威胁依然存在。康奈尔大学的凯瑟琳·沃格尔表示,俄罗斯和新独立国家的研发和生产设施守卫薄弱,容易被盗。此外,俄罗斯继续拒绝允许检查其国防部下属的四个生物武器设施。“我们没有证据,但有人担心俄罗斯限制访问是为了保留其生物武器能力。我们希望有其他原因,”沃格尔报告说。

俄罗斯和新独立国家的前生物武器专家已经收到了一些美国资金,用于将其研究转向和平目的。但沃格尔在旧金山举行的美国科学促进会年会上发言时指出,由于俄罗斯经济不稳定,“你不能排除有人会因为诱惑或腐败而从事扩散活动。”

科学家们尤其担心天花病毒样本可能被盗。天花病毒于1980年被根除,其唯一的官方储存库位于美国亚特兰大疾病控制中心和俄罗斯科尔佐沃国家病毒学和生物技术研究中心。但俄罗斯的其他设施也可能保存着这种病毒。其他令人担忧的微生物包括基因工程改造的炭疽和鼠疫细菌菌株,它们对西方抗生素具有抗药性,以及为攻击农业目标而开发的动物病原体。


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沃格尔认为,最危险的威胁可能来自诡计多端的政府招募前生物武器科学家。“美国的防扩散计划至关重要,”她断言,“因为我们必须让各国更难招募这些科学家并获得他们先进的生物武器技术和专业知识。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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