性与物种形成

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在人类中,性别之战似乎主要表现在不重要的方式上——比如夫妻争吵或名人体育挑战赛。但根据6月12日《美国国家科学院院刊》上的一份报告,性别冲突实际上可能在自然界中发挥重要作用:这种冲突似乎会刺激新物种的进化。

通过研究具有不同交配系统的相关昆虫谱系,研究人员能够评估这些系统如何影响每个谱系内的物种形成速率。之前的研究已经证明了配偶选择在驱动物种形成中的重要性,但这项新研究考察了交配发生后出现的生殖冲突。他们说,这种交配后的性别之战源于雄性竞争以使卵子受精。雄性和雌性生殖适应之间的复杂相互作用产生了雄性和雌性生殖生理学和形态学的快速共同进化,最终导致来自不同地区的种群无法相互杂交——也就是说,它们形成了新物种。正如预测的那样,那些雌性通常与多个雄性交配的群体(一种称为多雄制的系统)表现出比雌性通常与单个雄性交配的群体(一雌一雄制)高得多的物种形成速率——高达四倍。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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