感觉刚毛帮助鳄鱼捕猎

加入我们的科学爱好者社区!

鳄鱼和鳄鱼拥有锋利的牙齿、强有力的下颚和肌肉发达、重装甲的身体,是最令人生畏的掠食者之一。但并非所有鳄鱼的令人恐惧的特征都如此显而易见。使这些动物成为如此可怕的猎手的部分原因是它们在黑暗掩护下行动的能力,它们经常半淹没在水中潜伏,等待一些不幸的陆地生物扰乱周围水域的表面。根据今天发表在《自然》杂志上的研究结果,鳄鱼敏锐的感官知觉的关键在于覆盖在面部的微小压力感受器,就像胡茬胡须一样。

马里兰大学的达芙妮·苏亚雷斯进行的行为研究表明,这些微小的、圆顶状的感官器官使半淹没的鳄鱼能够在完全黑暗的环境中,无需使用听力,就能确定单个水滴的方向。相比之下,当她用塑料弹性体覆盖圆顶压力感受器时,这些动物未能转向或猛扑向细微的扰动。

对感受器的仔细检查表明,在它们正上方,最外层的皮肤和下层的角蛋白分别比周围区域薄 40% 和 60%。此外,每个感受器都由三叉神经支配——三叉神经也支配鸭嘴兽的电感受器官和蛇的红外探测器。


关于支持科学新闻报道

如果您喜欢这篇文章,请考虑通过以下方式支持我们屡获殊荣的新闻报道 订阅。通过购买订阅,您正在帮助确保有关塑造我们当今世界的发现和想法的具有影响力的故事的未来。


至于鳄鱼进化过程中这些非凡的感官器官何时出现,苏亚雷斯发现,只有那些过着半水生生活的已灭绝生物(而不是陆生生物)才表现出与现存形式的感受器相关的神经管的相同明显模式。因此,她认为它们出现在大约 2 亿年前的早侏罗纪时期。“想象一下这些巨大的已灭绝的鳄鱼在夜间半淹没在水中,等待恐龙来喝水,这很有趣,”苏亚雷斯沉思道。“就在恐龙用嘴打破水面的一瞬间,它会在水中发出压力波,告诉鳄鱼在哪里获得下一餐。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

More by Kate Wong
© . All rights reserved.