科学家纺制蜘蛛丝

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图片来源:¿SEAN O'NEILL

很少有东西像蜘蛛网那样显得纤细,每根纤细的丝线只有人类头发丝的十分之一宽。然而,以磅为单位衡量,最坚固的蜘蛛丝比钢铁更坚韧,比尼龙更具延展性。凭借如此卓越的特性,难怪研究人员多次尝试合成蜘蛛丝用于工业和医疗应用。(由于蜘蛛的领地性,人工饲养蜘蛛的努力已经失败。)的确,用一位科学家的话来说,这个目标长期以来一直被视为“材料科学的圣杯”。

为了实现这一目标,今天发表在《科学》杂志上的研究结果代表着朝着使梦想成为铁的事实迈出了重要一步。根据该报告,由加拿大公司 Nexia Biotechnologies 的研究人员领导的团队,通过为哺乳动物细胞配备蜘蛛丝基因,诱导它们产生可纺蛋白质。在收获蛋白质后,科学家们将它们从水基溶液中纺成细丝。合成丝线具有蜘蛛制造的牵引丝的强度和韧性——尽管不如其韧性——牵引丝是蜘蛛在其网框架和安全线中使用的丝。


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展望未来,Nexia 希望使用经过基因工程改造的山羊在其牛奶中生产蜘蛛丝蛋白,从而大量生产名为 BioSteelR 的重组蜘蛛丝。如果成功,未来收获的丝绸的应用可能包括医用缝合线、高强度复合材料和软质防弹衣。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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