科学家了解管虫如何定居热液喷口

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图片:多纳尔·T·马纳汉

自从 20 世纪 70 年代后期被发现以来,生活在深海海底高温、含硫热液喷口中的生物就吸引了海洋生物学家的目光。然而,尽管进行了近 25 年的研究,但有一个问题特别困扰着他们——即,这些喷口动物的幼虫是如何扩散和定居到新的喷口?新的喷口可能相距数百公里。现在,发表在最新一期《自然》杂志上的新发现最终揭示了这个问题。

为了评估幼虫的寿命和它们可以传播的距离,南加州大学的多纳尔·T·马纳汉和他的同事研究了巨型管虫Riftia pachyptila右图)的幼虫。在从太平洋地点收集样本后,该团队通过复制蠕虫自然环境的温度和压力条件,将管虫胚胎饲养到幼虫阶段,并密切监测它们的发育。他们确定,典型的管虫幼虫的潜在寿命约为 38 天,这显然足够它们在耗尽食物之前到达另一个喷口并定居下来。


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为了到达下一个喷口,幼虫显然会搭乘由来自喷口的热水和深海冷水混合而产生的、中性浮力的羽流。从那里,它们让水流将它们带到新的家园。伍兹霍尔海洋研究所的团队成员劳伦·穆利诺克斯说,了解管虫幼虫的寿命和其他热液喷口地点的水流条件,应该能使研究人员预测管虫的扩散。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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