科学家在人体汗液中发现抗菌蛋白

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尽管我们尽力使用止汗剂和空调来抵消汗液,但汗液实际上可能是一件好事。根据一项新的研究,人体汗液中含有一种抗菌蛋白,被称为Dermcidin,它可以对抗多种病原生物。因此,它可能有助于预防感染。德国蒂宾根大学埃伯哈德-卡尔斯大学的Birgit Schittek和她的同事们(他们分离了编码Dermcidin的基因)在今天《自然免疫学》杂志在线发表的一份报告中宣布了他们的发现。

早期的研究表明,哺乳动物皮肤中存在两类抗菌蛋白,一类由称为角质形成细胞的细胞表达,另一类由多种皮肤细胞类型表达。然而,Dermcidin与先前已知的蛋白质没有任何有意义的相似之处,并且仅在汗腺中表达,在那里它被分泌到汗液中,然后输送到皮肤表面。

为了评估Dermcidin的抗菌特性,研究人员在人体汗液特有的pH值和盐度条件下,测试了其衍生物对几种病原体的活性。结果证明,它对大肠杆菌、粪肠球菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有显著的抗菌效果。这种存在于汗液中的蛋白质也表现出强大的抗真菌能力,抑制了白色念珠菌。作者总结道,Dermcidin“可能有助于限制细菌定植后最初几小时内潜在病原体引起的感染”。但他们指出,它是否能对抗对已建立的抗生素疗法产生耐药性的微生物,仍有待确定。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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