卫星揭示夏威夷群岛后方绵延的 দীর্ঘ风尾迹

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图片来源:JPL

科学家通过研究卫星数据,发现了世界上最长的风尾迹,它向西延伸约 3,000 公里,位于夏威夷群岛之后(见图)。尽管岛屿面积不大,但显然对太平洋相当大的区域产生了相当大的影响。发表在最新一期《科学》杂志上的这项新研究描述了其原理。

夏威夷群岛位于来自西北方向的信风路径上,迫使气流分裂,绕岛流动,使其背风侧的风力较弱,而侧翼的风力相当强劲。这些影响反映在海面上,尾迹的弱风下方通常是平滑的,而尾迹外强风下方则是粗糙的。每个岛屿都有自己的尾迹,这些尾迹消散得相当快。然而,在顺风方向约 300 公里处,一个单一而宽阔的尾迹取代了它们。


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为了揭示在如此远距离上维持这种尾迹的机制,夏威夷大学研究员谢尚平及其同事查阅了热带降雨测量任务卫星对风、云和海面温度 (SST) 的观测数据。研究小组确定,这三个因素之间复杂的相互作用链形成了产生夏威夷尾迹的反馈系统。

除了解释漫长的尾迹外,这项新工作可能具有更广泛的意义。“我们的结果表明,地表风会对仅有十分之几度的温带亚热带海温变化做出反应,”作者写道。“模拟夏威夷深远影响可以作为下一代高分辨率气候模型的测试。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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