同种族面孔更能激发大脑面孔识别区域的活动

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科学家们长期以来都知道,人类更容易记住自己种族的面孔,而不是其他种族的面孔——正如一种流行的理论认为,这或许是因为人们往往有更多与同种族面孔接触的经验。现在,《自然神经科学》杂志八月号上描述的研究正在揭示这种现象背后的脑部活动。这项研究是最早探索与社会互动相关的神经系统之一。

为了检验大脑如何对种族做出反应,斯坦福大学的珍妮弗·L·埃伯哈特和她的同事向非洲裔美国人和欧洲裔美国人展示了来自不同种族的面孔照片,同时使用功能性磁共振成像(fMRI)记录他们的大脑活动。该团队专注于所谓的梭状回面孔区(FFA),这是一个被认为对人脸识别很重要的脑区,他们发现当受试者观看自己种族的面孔时,FFA 更为活跃。

这种种族识别偏差究竟为何存在仍不清楚。但作者写道,“无论本研究中呈现的效果是源于对同种族面孔的更强的感知专业知识,还是源于 FFA 受其他过程的调节,我们的结果都表明,社会因素可以影响对面孔和人的最初感知。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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