根部真菌储存了土壤中令人惊讶的碳量

落叶和树枝很重要,但根系及其真菌更胜一筹

加入我们的科学爱好者社区!

森林地面可以储存大量大气中的碳,有助于限制由二氧化碳排放导致的全球变暖。科学家们认为,大部分碳储存在吸收碳的树叶和树枝中,这些物质最终落到地面并缓慢分解成土壤。然而,瑞典的一项新研究表明,土壤中 50% 到 70% 的碳实际上来自树根和生长在其上的真菌。

这一令人惊讶的见解来自瑞典农业科学大学的卡琳娜·克莱门森及其同事,他们研究了瑞典北部湖泊 30 个岛屿上的北方森林。这些森林在过去的 5000 年里经历了不同次数的火灾,在不同的森林地面上形成了各种土壤成分。比较表明,土壤中储存的碳量与沿着树根系统生长并帮助其保持健康的菌根真菌有关。

克莱门森在回复电子邮件提问时写道:“这些真菌与植物根系共生,并将植物光合作用产生的碳直接输送到土壤中。”她解释说:“普遍的观点一直是地上植物凋落物(枯针和木材)是北方森林土壤中碳储存的主要来源。”但她的研究结果表明,“北方森林中储存的大部分碳实际上是通过根系及其相关的菌根真菌从地下进入土壤的。”


支持科学新闻

如果您喜欢这篇文章,请考虑通过订阅来支持我们屡获殊荣的新闻报道。 通过购买订阅,您正在帮助确保关于当今塑造我们世界的发现和想法的具有影响力的故事的未来。


根据克莱门森团队 3 月 29 日在《科学》杂志上发表的一篇论文,北方森林土壤是一个主要的汇,占全球土壤中所有固碳量的 16%。该发现最直接的意义在于,气候模型应该进行修订,以考虑真菌所起的作用。克莱门森写道,修订后的模型将更精确地预测森林管理实践(如疏伐树木)和环境变化如何影响碳储存。

还需要更多的研究来确定,全球范围内更多的老树(所谓的原始森林)是否意味着碳储存的增加。随着树木的年龄增长,它们分配给根部真菌的碳减少,然而,来自古老的、死亡的真菌的残留物比土壤中死亡的针叶和木材更紧密地吸附碳。然而,其他研究表明,菌根真菌会分解土壤中的有机物,从而释放碳。克莱门森写道,这些因素如何相互作用形成稳定的土壤“是一个非常有趣和引人入胜的问题,我们还没有答案。” 明确的是,菌根真菌对碳固存的重要性远超任何人的认识。

Mark Fischetti has been a senior editor at 大众科学 for 17 years and has covered sustainability issues, including climate, weather, environment, energy, food, water, biodiversity, population, and more. He assigns and edits feature articles, commentaries and news by journalists and scientists and also writes in those formats. He edits History, the magazine's department looking at science advances throughout time. He was founding managing editor of two spinoff magazines: 大众科学 Mind and 大众科学 Earth 3.0. His 2001 freelance article for the magazine, "Drowning New Orleans," predicted the widespread disaster that a storm like Hurricane Katrina would impose on the city. His video What Happens to Your Body after You Die?, has more than 12 million views on YouTube. Fischetti has written freelance articles for the New York Times, Sports Illustrated, Smithsonian, Technology Review, Fast Company, and many others. He co-authored the book Weaving the Web with Tim Berners-Lee, inventor of the World Wide Web, which tells the real story of how the Web was created. He also co-authored The New Killer Diseases with microbiologist Elinor Levy. Fischetti is a former managing editor of IEEE Spectrum Magazine and of Family Business Magazine. He has a physics degree and has twice served as the Attaway Fellow in Civic Culture at Centenary College of Louisiana, which awarded him an honorary doctorate. In 2021 he received the American Geophysical Union's Robert C. Cowen Award for Sustained Achievement in Science Journalism, which celebrates a career of outstanding reporting on the Earth and space sciences. He has appeared on NBC's Meet the Press, CNN, the History Channel, NPR News and many news radio stations. Follow Fischetti on X (formerly Twitter) @markfischetti

More by Mark Fischetti
© . All rights reserved.