研究人员重现猛犸象的崛起

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查看任何关于冰河时代生物的描绘,你很可能会发现至少有一个——那就是猛犸象。尽管广受欢迎,但这种史前巨兽的进化史已被证明有些难以确定。为此,《科学》杂志今天发表的研究结果提供了一些非常需要的见解。

伦敦大学学院的阿德里安·李斯特和莫斯科俄罗斯科学院的安德烈·V·舍尔,基于欧亚大陆广泛的化石记录(可追溯到约 260 万年前),研究了随着时间的推移,三种连续的猛犸象物种(最后一种是长毛猛犸象)的头骨和牙齿的变化。研究人员记录了所有三个物种的长期渐变,不同特征在不同时间发生变化。然而,有趣的是,先进的特征——其中一些代表了对食草的适应——似乎首先出现在西伯利亚,然后才传播到欧洲。


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李斯特和舍尔指出,与欧洲相比,西伯利亚经历冻冰缘条件的时间更早、强度更大、持续时间更长。他们写道:“因此,西伯利亚为适应食草的猛犸象提供了持续的来源,我们认为这充当了反复向周期性冰川覆盖的欧洲进行进化推进的来源。”作者进一步报告说,猛犸象物种的起源并非特别明确。因此,它们可能代表进化路径从未完全分化的人群。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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