研究人员发现感知寒冷的受体

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从冬季的空气和瓷砖地板,到冰淇淋和薄荷糖,我们经常体验到寒冷的感觉。然而,尽管寒冷很常见,但科学家们对使我们的身体能够感知寒冷的细胞和分子机制知之甚少。最近对热感知的研究揭示了皮肤中感觉神经中的热受体。现在,《自然》杂志昨天在线发表的新发现表明,类似的受体对寒冷刺激做出反应。

加州大学旧金山分校的研究团队着手调查薄荷醇等植物产品如何引起凉爽感。他们的探索引导他们找到了一种特殊的细胞通道,在薄荷醇存在的情况下,该通道会改变离子流入神经细胞的流量。这种变化产生神经信号,从而产生感觉。事实证明,对薄荷醇有反应的同一种离子通道也会被低温(摄氏八到二十八度之间)激活。


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根据该报告,这种冷和薄荷醇敏感受体 (CMR1) 属于所谓的瞬时受体电位 (TRP) 离子通道家族,已知的热激活通道也属于该家族,使其成为这些受体的“近亲分子”。研究人员指出,然而,热受体仅在产生疼痛的范围内被激活。他们写道,通道灵敏度的这种差异“可能有助于解释为什么冷诱发疼痛的心理社会阈值不如热诱发疼痛那样明显”。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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