研究人员解释水的pH值

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水以其溶解物质的能力而闻名。事实上,这种特性使其对所有生物都不可或缺。然而,水究竟是如何获得其赋予生命的pH值的,这个问题困扰了科学家多年。但现在,研究人员已经开发出该过程的第一个模型,他们已于上周五在《科学》杂志上发表了该模型。

化学家们早就知道,液态水中的水分子会自发地电离或分裂,产生水合氢离子和氢氧根离子。pH值反映了在所谓的自电离过程中从水分子中剥离的质子数量。但是,由于这种反应的短暂性,研究人员一直无法捕捉到分子分裂过程中的状态。反过来,这也阻碍了他们理解它是如何发生的。

因此,在高速计算机和复杂算法的帮助下,加州大学伯克利分校的菲利普·盖斯勒和他的同事们模拟了分裂过程。他们发现,当一些水分子偶然以特定结构围绕另一个水分子时,反应就会发生。这种排列产生了一个电场,将质子从中间的分子中拉出来。在十亿分之一秒内,这种结构解散,质子要么落回中心分子,要么被阻止返回,在这种情况下,它就变成了一个自由移动的质子。


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未来的实验是否会证实新模型所做的预测还有待观察。但科学家们表示,这项工作可能会使人们更好地理解和控制其他化学反应,例如用于制造药物的那些反应。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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