研究挑战提出疟疾增长与全球变暖之间的联系

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在全球变暖的预测后果清单中,研究人员近年来增加了一种特别令人不安的可能性:疾病发病率增加。这一预测背后的逻辑很容易理解。传播疾病的昆虫——例如蚊子——通常在温暖的气候中繁衍生息。在这方面最令人担忧的疾病可能是疟疾,它每天已经导致数千人死亡。最近,东非四个高海拔地区疟疾病例的激增似乎与这一想法非常吻合。然而,今天在《自然》杂志上发表文章的研究人员断言,事实上,气象数据并不支持东非疟疾复燃与全球变暖之间存在联系。

牛津大学的西蒙·海伊和他的同事利用95年的全球陆地气候数据集,仔细研究了四个高地地点的长期气候趋势。研究人员报告称,在过去一个世纪或在报告的疟疾复燃期间,温度、降雨量、蒸气压以及适合疟疾传播的月份数“没有发生显著变化”。


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但是,如果气温升高不是导致观察到的疟疾增加的原因,那又是什么原因呢?该团队认为,经济、社会和政治因素可以解释这一趋势。他们总结说:“气候学家越确定人类正在影响全球气候,流行病学家就应该更加批判性地看待表明这些变化影响疟疾的证据。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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