计划烧除可能对森林有益,但威胁鸟类

加入我们的科学爱好者社区!


关于支持科学新闻业

如果您喜欢这篇文章,请考虑通过以下方式支持我们屡获殊荣的新闻业 订阅。通过购买订阅,您正在帮助确保未来能够继续讲述关于塑造我们当今世界的发现和想法的具有影响力的故事。


美国东部落叶林长期以来的抑制火灾历史产生了意想不到的影响,导致不耐火的树种(如红枫)占据主导地位,而耐火的橡树则受到排挤。为了恢复橡树,研究人员正在试验计划烧除。但一些生物学家担心,这些燃烧可能会威胁到该地区的地面筑巢鸟类。如果10月份《保护生物学》杂志上发表的一项研究结果有任何指示意义,他们的担忧是有道理的。

凯尼恩学院的凡妮莎·阿特曼和她的同事研究了计划烧除对俄亥俄州四个研究地点的森林鸟类的影响。研究人员以不同的频率燃烧50至75英亩的区域,监测了30种当地鸟类。经过四年的重复燃烧,他们发现三种地面筑巢鸟类——灶鸫、帽斑姬鹟和食虫莺——的数量下降了80%以上。该团队认为,这些下降是由于燃烧导致鸟类赖以筑巢的枯枝落叶层、灌木和幼树减少造成的。

另一方面,由于燃烧,两种鸟类数量有所增加。美洲知更鸟从稀有变为常见,东部小美洲鹟的数量几乎翻了一番。这些地区的火灾似乎提高了它们的觅食成功率。尽管如此,研究人员得出结论,长期或大规模的计划烧除可能会改变在美国东部落叶林中繁殖的迁徙鸣禽——也许会变得更糟。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

More by Kate Wong
© . All rights reserved.