卵巢早衰基因

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对于大多数女性来说,更年期发生在 40 岁末或 50 岁初。然而,约有 1% 的女性在 40 岁之前经历更年期。研究人员早已知道,放射疗法、化学疗法和某些自身免疫性疾病会导致卵巢早衰,这也是卵巢早衰的正式术语。然而,约 30% 患有此病的女性有女性亲属也受到影响,这表明在许多情况下,卵巢早衰可能具有遗传基础。现在,发表在《自然遗传学》二月刊上的新研究首次揭示了一种似乎会导致卵巢早衰的基因突变。这种突变还会导致新生儿出现称为上睑下垂的眼睑缺陷。因此,这项发现可能有助于科学家了解胎儿发育期间发生的遗传过程如何在出生时和生命后期显现出来。

新发现的基因被称为 FOXL2,是一种所谓的转录因子。也就是说,它在发育过程中的适当时间激活或失活眼睑和卵巢中的基因。因此,FOXL2 的突变会扰乱正常过程。FOXL2 导致女性卵子减少的确切机制仍然未知,但这可能是因为突变的 FOXL2 阻止了正常的卵泡发育或促使某种破坏卵子的行为。

“尽管我们谈论的是一种与年龄相关的疾病——更年期,但所有决定更年期何时发生的关键事件都发生在胎儿发育过程中,”美国国家老龄研究所的 David Schlessinger,该研究的合著者指出。“如果我们更多地了解组织是如何形成的,我们或许能够延长细胞的功能,甚至再生磨损的组织。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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