古生物学家评估霸王龙 Sue 的病理学

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尽管霸王龙通常被描绘成不可战胜的杀戮机器,但它并非对创伤和疾病免疫。事实上,以完整性闻名的标本 Sue 身上带有许多长期以来一直吸引研究人员的病理学特征。现在一项新的分析,其结果于上周五在蒙大拿州博兹曼举行的脊椎动物古生物学会年会上公布,表明 Sue 患有与当今影响动物的疾病相似的疾病。

除了几根肋骨的愈合性骨折以及脊椎和尾部的骨刺外,Sue 的骨骼还显示出小腿和右上臂骨骼感染以及下颌骨中奇怪孔洞的迹象。此前,研究人员将下颌损伤归因于咬痕。但加利福尼亚州波莫纳市西部健康科学大学的古生物学家伊丽莎白·雷加和爱荷华大学的克里斯·布罗丘报告说,病变的形状、它们的分布模式以及在许多暴龙科标本中出现类似病变的事实,反而暗示它们可能是由类似于放线菌病的东西引起的,放线菌病是一种类似真菌的细菌,会感染现代牛口中的骨骼和软组织。“雷加观察到,这种疾病是现代受感染动物口腔生态系统的一部分,这一事实进一步暗示,类似于科莫多巨蜥口中的细菌‘毒液’可能也存在于霸王龙中。”

雷加和布罗丘指出,尽管 Sue 的遗骸显示出许多创伤和疾病的迹象,但这并不表示 Sue 不健康。相反,他们得出结论,这只野兽的成熟度和明显的愈合迹象表明 Sue “是一个强壮的个体,成功地度过了许多伤害。”研究人员进一步断言,Sue 的骨骼对疾病的反应方式与鸟类和哺乳动物采取的方式比爬行动物更相似。这可以支持霸王龙过着与当今温血动物相似的代谢活跃的生活方式的论点。

"Breathing Life into Tyrannosaurus rex," by Gregory M. Erickson (大众科学, September 1999), is available for purchase at the 大众科学 Archive.

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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