猫头鹰的听觉依赖于高等数学

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图片来源:ROIAN EGNOR

即使在黑暗的掩护下,一只吸引了猫头鹰注意力的老鼠也毫无机会。几分钟之内,这只鸟就会悄无声息地俯冲下来,抓住毫无戒心的生物——这种攻击之所以成为可能,是因为猫头鹰极其敏锐的听觉。研究人员知道,猫头鹰的听觉灵敏度使其能够创建听觉空间的二维地图。但根据今天发表在《科学》杂志上的研究结果,他们可能低估了生成这张地图的神经元的计算能力。大多数神经元被认为将传入信号相加,以产生适当的神经反应,而猫头鹰的听觉地图神经元似乎是相乘的。

之前的研究表明,猫头鹰听觉系统中的一组神经元记录耳朵之间的声级和声音时间差异,然后将此信息发送到听觉地图神经元,这些神经元位于脑干的一个称为下丘的区域。但地图神经元究竟如何处理传入数据尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题,加州理工学院的何塞·路易斯·佩尼亚和金子和正研究了猫头鹰在戴耳机时暴露于成对声音的反应。事实证明,乘法模型预测了神经元对各种刺激的反应,准确率约为 98%。


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尽管研究人员可能已经成功地用数学方法描述了这些神经元的行为,但这种乘法的神经生理学基础仍然是一个谜——他们希望在未来解开这个谜团。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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