章鱼手臂有自己的意识

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图片来源:©SCIENCE

论及灵活性,即使是我们中最灵活的人也无法与章鱼相提并论。肩部、肘部和腕部等关节限制了人类和其他具有关节肢体的生物的机动性。相比之下,章鱼缺乏关节。因此,它的手臂拥有几乎无限的运动自由度。然而,如此灵活的手臂需要特别复杂的控制。新的研究表明,为了满足这些需求,章鱼将部分运动控制分配给嵌入手臂自身的神经回路,而不是仅仅依赖大脑。这些发现今天发表在《科学》杂志上。

当章鱼伸手去拿东西时,它会以高度刻板和不变的方式进行,展开手臂,使弯曲沿着手臂向尖端传播(参见右图)。耶路撒冷希伯来大学的本杰明·霍赫纳及其同事测试了手臂-大脑连接被切断的章鱼,发现他们可以通过机械或电气方式刺激手臂来引发这种特征性的手臂运动。


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基于这些观察,研究人员得出结论,章鱼手臂包含一个独立的周围神经系统。如果是这样,很可能是大脑控制计划手臂运动的总体方向,而周围神经系统处理细节。他们断言,正是这种神经分工和高度刻板运动的使用,使章鱼能够保持对其异常灵活的附肢的控制。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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