对原始氦的观测揭示早期宇宙的结构

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天文学家使用 NASA 的 FUSE 卫星以前所未有的细节观察到弥漫在太空中的原始氦的纤细网络。作为大爆炸的残留物,氦为早期宇宙的结构提供了关键的见解。“可见星系只是早期宇宙结构中的山峰,”空间望远镜科学研究所的团队成员杰拉德·克里斯指出。“FUSE 对电离氦的观测向我们展示了山峰之间山丘和山谷的细节。” 这些发现发表在最新一期的《科学》杂志上。

将 FUSE 对准遥远的信标——一个位于约 100 亿光年之外的类星体——记录了氦在光线穿过含氦星系际云时对光线的影响。这些观测,连同使用哈勃太空望远镜进行的补充观测,追踪了氦从不透明的开始到透明的结束的转变。

新发现与早期的迹象非常吻合,这些迹象表明早期宇宙被黑洞和剧烈的恒星形成释放的辐射重新激活。“这是一个非常令人兴奋的发现,”NASA 戈达德太空飞行中心的乔治·索内伯恩说。“在早期宇宙中寻找电离氦气森林的光谱特征是 FUSE 任务的主要目标之一,并且它已出色地实现了。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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