尼古丁副产品“烹饪”身体蛋白质

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在可能给吸烟者又一个戒烟理由的新闻中,研究人员发现,一种名为去甲烟碱的尼古丁副产品以潜在有害的方式改变身体的蛋白质。《美国国家科学院院刊》昨天在线发表的他们的研究结果表明,这种化学物质可能导致衰老和多种疾病的发生。

具体来说,位于加利福尼亚州拉霍亚的斯克里普斯研究所的Tobin J. Dickerson和Kim D. Janda报告称,去甲烟碱似乎通过化学“烹饪”好的蛋白质来鼓励它们变坏。然后,修饰后的蛋白质与体内其他化学物质相互作用,并可能形成称为晚期糖基化终产物(AGEs)的有害化合物。“这些晚期糖基化终产物不应该自然[存在于你的身体中],”Dickerson解释说。“你的身体没有为它们做好准备。”事实上,之前的研究表明,AGEs与多种疾病有关,包括糖尿病、癌症和阿尔茨海默病。

重要的是,该团队发现,吸烟者血液中去甲烟碱修饰的蛋白质和AGEs的含量高于非吸烟者。研究人员还发现,去甲烟碱与常用的处方类固醇可的松和泼尼松发生反应,暗示它可能会损害药物的安全性和有效性。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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