来自神秘冥王星的新惊喜

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冥王星是我们太阳系九大行星中最遥远的一颗,再次引起了天文学家的好奇。似乎这颗行星的大气层正在远离太阳时膨胀,而不是像预期的那样收缩。

冥王星是唯一一颗尚未被航天器访问过的行星,我们对它知之甚少。但是,当它与恒星恰好对齐时,就可以从地球上进行观测。去年在这些罕见配置之一期间收集的数据分析揭示了令人惊讶的大气层发现,这些发现于今天发表在《自然》杂志上。

由于冥王星目前正在迅速远离太阳,研究人员认为它的温度会下降,其大气层随后会崩溃。然而,麻省理工学院的詹姆斯·艾略特 (James Elliot) 及其同事发现,自 1989 年冥王星最接近太阳以来,其温度已经升高了摄氏一度。


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为了解释这一点,研究人员指出,行星表面层的温度变化往往滞后于太阳加热波动。因此,尽管冥王星一直在远离太阳的热量,但这种远离所产生的冷却效应可能要再过 10 年才会显现出来。

“从长远来看,冷却和大气收缩是不可避免的,”亚利桑那大学的威廉·哈勃德 (William Hubbard) 在一篇随附的评论中写道。然而,要进一步阐明正在发生的事情,就需要一次前往这颗最遥远行星的航天器任务,他断言。“冥王星未来几年的轨道为我们提供了一个机会来更多地了解这颗行星,而此时技术发展使得考虑对其进行任务成为可能,”哈勃德评论道。“但是时间和资金都非常短缺。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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