神经点彩画法:以迷幻般的色彩点亮大脑 [幻灯片]

基因工程使得研究动物的单个脑细胞能够发出绚丽的色彩,从而追踪神经系统复杂的连接。

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在过去的十年中,研究人员一直在努力寻找新的方法来拍摄构成大脑和脊髓的复杂神经细胞网络,试图克服早期成像技术的严重局限性。新兴的连接组学科学旨在绘制此类连接图谱,这些技术的应用将使其成为可能。

2007年,杰夫·利克特曼、约书亚·萨内斯以及哈佛大学的同事们提出了一种最引人注目的新型脑细胞成像方法。Brainbow技术能够以约100种不同的色调点亮神经元,从而精确追踪神经回路和突触,即脑细胞之间的间隙。

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科学家通过基因工程改造小鼠或其他模型动物,使其携带一种基因,该基因随机导致每个神经元表达不同数量的红色、绿色或蓝色荧光蛋白,从而产生一系列不同的柔和色彩。组织切片被拍摄下来并重新组合,以生成大脑结构地形的详细图像。(绿色荧光蛋白的最初发现者马丁·查尔菲、下村脩和钱永健,他们的新型多色荧光蛋白由此衍生而来,并因此获得了2008年诺贝尔化学奖。)

Gary Stix, senior editor of mind and brain topics at 大众科学, edits and reports on emerging advances that have propelled brain science to the forefront of the biological sciences. Stix has edited or written cover stories, feature articles and news on diverse topics, ranging from what happens in the brain when a person is immersed in thought to the impact of brain implant technology that alleviates mood disorders such as depression. Before taking over the neuroscience beat, Stix, as 大众科学's special projects editor, was responsible for the magazine's annual single-topic special issues, conceiving of and producing issues on Albert Einstein, Charles Darwin, climate change and nanotechnology. One special issue he oversaw on the topic of time in all of its manifestations won a National Magazine Award. With his wife Miriam Lacob, Stix is co-author of a technology primer called Who Gives a Gigabyte? A Survival Guide for the Technologically Perplexed.

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