突变可能解释对西尼罗河病毒的易感性

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1999年,臭名昭著的西尼罗河病毒在美国东部出现,从那时起,每年夏天这种灾害都会再次出现并蔓延。仅今年一年,就有251例记录在案的病例,其中11例导致死亡。为什么某些病毒感染者(约20%)会发展出症状,而另一些人则保持无症状,这一直是个谜。但新的研究表明,一些感染西尼罗河病毒的人可能携带一种基因突变,这种突变使他们容易患上典型的发烧和脑炎。

这些发现详细发表在本周由《美国国家科学院院刊》在线发表的一份报告中,来自对感染该病毒的实验小鼠的研究。结果表明,一种基因突变的小鼠,该基因编码一组称为寡腺苷酸合成酶的酶之一(已知这些酶有助于抵抗病毒感染),会因该疾病迅速死亡。另一方面,携带正常基因拷贝的野生小鼠几乎完全具有抵抗力。巴黎巴斯德研究所的让-路易·吉内特和他的同事们总结道,研究结果表明,该酶在西尼罗河病毒的发病机制中起着关键作用。

下一步将是在人类身上仔细检查相同的基因区域。“鉴于免疫背景较低,[西尼罗河]病毒的传播和扩增传播有可能导致未来夏季的流行病,”加州大学圣巴巴拉分校的查尔斯·塞缪尔在一篇随附的评论中写道。他补充说,因此,了解基因在易感性和抵抗力中所起的作用至关重要。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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