猴子能听见吗?也许不能

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想象一下在海螺的轰鸣声中倾听人们说话。事实上,根据新的研究,猴子就是这样听到人类语言的。密歇根州立大学物理学家迈克尔·哈里森今天在美国物理学会的一次会议上描述了他的发现,并解释了长期以来观察到的我们自身听觉能力与我们的灵长类亲属之间存在的差异。

从外部看,猴子的耳朵形状与人类的耳朵非常相似。但它们在从鼓膜到外耳外部的耳道大小上有所不同;在猴子中,耳道更小。因此,封闭在耳道内的空气温度更高,这更容易产生掩盖听觉信号的噪音。“空气分子就像鸡尾酒会上挤在房间里走动的人们,”哈里森解释说。“温度越高,分子——或者说是鸡尾酒会的客人——跑动的就越多,噪音也就越大。有了这种随机噪声,就更难听到个别谈话。”

这些不连贯的声波对鼓膜施加“共振压力”,产生类似于将海螺放在耳边时所体验到的效果。与猴子的状况相反,“正常、健康的人类耳朵可以检测到非常微弱的信号,这些信号几乎无法从始终存在于我们周围的随机噪声中显现出来,”哈里森指出。“人类的耳朵是一件了不起的东西。”

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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