缺失基因使小鼠保持苗条

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研究人员报告称,缺失单个基因的小鼠即使享用高脂肪饮食也不会增重。这项发现本周由美国国家科学院院刊在线发表,为潜在的遗传代谢机制提供了新的线索。

该基因被称为SCD1,编码一种参与合成单不饱和脂肪酸的酶 (SCD)。之前的研究表明,高 SCD 活性与多种疾病有关,包括肥胖症、糖尿病和动脉粥样硬化。在这项新工作中,威斯康星大学的詹姆斯·M·恩坦比 (James M. Ntambi) 及其同事发现,缺失SCD1基因的小鼠尽管食用富含脂肪的饮食,但仍设法避免了体重增加和糖尿病的发生。脂肪没有像往常一样在肝脏或其他组织中积累,而是被代谢掉了。“我们有生化证据表明,这些小鼠燃烧了多余的脂肪,”恩坦比指出。“防止肥胖症涉及到能量消耗增加和耗氧量增加。”

然而,缺失SCD1基因也存在缺点:一些经过基因改造的小鼠随着年龄的增长出现了皮肤和眼睛问题。但恩坦比及其合作者的其他研究表明,产生一半 SCD 酶水平的小鼠是正常的。恩坦比表示,旨在抑制 SCD 产生的脂肪酸的药物,可能因此在避免肥胖症和糖尿病方面提供保护,而不会产生副作用。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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