助产士协助阿米巴分娩

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人类并非唯一在分娩时需要帮助的生物。根据今天发表在《自然》杂志上的一份报告,当情况变得困难时,阿米巴有时会寻求“助产士”的帮助。这项发现揭示了这些单细胞生物比其他真核细胞繁殖得更快的原因。

阿米巴繁殖是一种无性事件,其中生物体会将其遗传物质复制一倍,产生两个细胞核,然后开始分裂成两个细胞。人类母亲的体围会一直增加到分娩,而阿米巴母亲会在中间收缩,形成狭窄的腰部。但在至少一种阿米巴中,当涉及到切断连接“母亲”和“女儿”的束缚时,这个过程会停滞不前,两个细胞会挣扎着分离。此前,科学家们只设想了在这个关键阶段的两种结果。要么母细胞和子细胞成功地将束缚拉伸到断裂点,要么它们在拉锯战中放弃并恢复为具有两个细胞核的单细胞。

魏茨曼研究所的科学家进行的新研究现在揭示了另一种可能性。该团队发现在许多情况下,第三个阿米巴前来救援,将自身楔入母细胞和子细胞之间,并对连接处施加压力,直到其断裂。在进一步调查中,他们发现,实际上,连接在一起的阿米巴会发出化学求救信号,助产士会对该信号做出反应。


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该团队计划在未来研究这种化学引诱剂的确切成分,以及其释放和接收机制。更好地了解阿米巴繁殖有一天可能有助于科学家控制痢疾和其他阿米巴传播的疾病。

Kate Wong is an award-winning science writer and senior editor at 大众科学 focused on evolution, ecology, anthropology, archaeology, paleontology and animal behavior. She is fascinated by human origins, which she has covered for more than 25 years. Recently she has become obsessed with birds. Her reporting has taken her to caves in France and Croatia that Neandertals once called home, to the shores of Kenya's Lake Turkana in search of the oldest stone tools in the world, to Madagascar on an expedition to unearth ancient mammals and dinosaurs, to the icy waters of Antarctica, where humpback whales feast on krill, and on a "Big Day" race around the state of Connecticut to find as many bird species as possible in 24 hours. Kate is co-author, with Donald Johanson, of Lucy's Legacy: The Quest for Human Origins. She holds a bachelor of science degree in biological anthropology and zoology from the University of Michigan. Follow Wong on X (formerly Twitter) @katewong

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